abstract：:Competition for nutrients is a key factor controlling pathogen colonization within the gastrointestinal tract. In this issue, Ferreyra et al. (2014) and Curtis et al. (2014) show that diverse enteric pathogens can exploit a metabolic byproduct from the commensal microbiota, succinate, to enhance their own virulence ex...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Pham N TA,Lawley TD

更新日期：2014-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major global health burden accounting for around 170 million chronic infections worldwide. Although highly potent direct-acting antiviral drugs to treat chronic hepatitis C have been approved recently, owing to their high costs and limited availability and a large number of undiagnosed inf...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Paul D,Madan V,Bartenschlager R

更新日期：2014-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Our intestinal microbiota harbors a diverse microbial community, often containing opportunistic bacteria with virulence potential. However, mutualistic host-microbial interactions prevent disease by opportunistic pathogens through poorly understood mechanisms. We show that the epithelial interleukin-22 receptor IL-22R...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Pham TA,Clare S,Goulding D,Arasteh JM,Stares MD,Browne HP,Keane JA,Page AJ,Kumasaka N,Kane L,Mottram L,Harcourt K,Hale C,Arends MJ,Gaffney DJ,Sanger Mouse Genetics Project.,Dougan G,Lawley TD

更新日期：2014-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：:During invasion of host cells by Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease, the elongated, flagellated trypomastigotes remodel into oval amastigotes with no external flagellum. The underlying mechanism of this remodeling and the fate of the flagellum are obscure. We discovered that T. cruzi trypomasti...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Kurup SP,Tarleton RL

更新日期：2014-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：:In addition to classically defined immune mechanisms, cell-intrinsic processes can restrict virus infection and have shaped virus evolution. The details of this virus-host interaction are still emerging. Following a genome-wide siRNA screen for host factors affecting replication of Semliki Forest virus (SFV), a positi...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Balistreri G,Horvath P,Schweingruber C,Zünd D,McInerney G,Merits A,Mühlemann O,Azzalin C,Helenius A

更新日期：2014-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Initially described as an RNA surveillance pathway, nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is also recognized to function in the regulation of host gene expression. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, three studies describe NMD-mediated defense strategies of plants and mammalian cells in response to pathogen infection. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Wachter A,Hartmann L

更新日期：2014-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:(+)strand RNA viruses have to overcome various points of restriction in the host to establish successful infection. In plants, this includes RNA silencing. To uncover additional bottlenecks to RNA virus infection, we genetically attenuated the impact of RNA silencing on transgenically expressed Potato virus X (PVX), a...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Garcia D,Garcia S,Voinnet O

更新日期：2014-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies derived from blood plasma cells of acute HIV-1-infected individuals are predominantly targeted to the HIV Env gp41 and cross-reactive with commensal bacteria. To understand this phenomenon, we examined anti-HIV responses in ileum B cells using recombinant antibody technology and probed their rela...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Trama AM,Moody MA,Alam SM,Jaeger FH,Lockwood B,Parks R,Lloyd KE,Stolarchuk C,Scearce R,Foulger A,Marshall DJ,Whitesides JF,Jeffries TL Jr,Wiehe K,Morris L,Lambson B,Soderberg K,Hwang KK,Tomaras GD,Vandergrift N,Ja

更新日期：2014-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary factors, microbial composition, and metabolism are intimately intertwined into a complex network whose activities influence important intestinal functions. In a recent issue of Cell, Belcheva et al. (2014) show that microbial-derived butyrate promotes proliferation of cancer-initiated intestinal epithelial cel...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Bultman SJ,Jobin C

更新日期：2014-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Variant surface antigens play an important role in Plasmodium falciparum malaria pathogenesis and in immune evasion by the parasite. Although most work to date has focused on P. falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 (PfEMP1), two other multigene families encoding STEVOR and RIFIN are expressed in invasive merozoit...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Niang M,Bei AK,Madnani KG,Pelly S,Dankwa S,Kanjee U,Gunalan K,Amaladoss A,Yeo KP,Bob NS,Malleret B,Duraisingh MT,Preiser PR

更新日期：2014-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:During viral infection, RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are activated upon dephosphorylation by the phosphatase PP1, resulting in type I interferon production. In this issue, Davis et al. (2014) and Mesman et al. (2014) show that measles virus inhibits this antiviral response by targeting PP1 and thus preventing RLR depho...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Seya T

更新日期：2014-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Human noroviruses are a major cause of epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis worldwide and can chronically infect immunocompromised patients. Efforts to develop effective vaccines and antivirals have been hindered by the uncultivable nature and extreme genetic diversity of human noroviruses. Although they remain a par...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Karst SM,Wobus CE,Goodfellow IG,Green KY,Virgin HW

更新日期：2014-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebral malaria is a complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection characterized by sudden coma, death, or neurodisability. Studies using a mouse model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) have indicated that blood-brain barrier disruption and CD8 T cell recruitment contribute to disease, but the spatiotemporal m...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Zhao H,Aoshi T,Kawai S,Mori Y,Konishi A,Ozkan M,Fujita Y,Haseda Y,Shimizu M,Kohyama M,Kobiyama K,Eto K,Nabekura J,Horii T,Ishino T,Yuda M,Hemmi H,Kaisho T,Akira S,Kinoshita M,Tohyama K,Yoshioka Y,Ishii KJ,Co

更新日期：2014-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Polysaccharide A (PSA), the archetypical immunomodulatory molecule of the gut commensal Bacteroides fragilis, induces regulatory T cells to secrete the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). The cellular mediators of PSA's immunomodulatory properties are incompletely understood. In a mouse model of colitis...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Dasgupta S,Erturk-Hasdemir D,Ochoa-Reparaz J,Reinecker HC,Kasper DL

更新日期：2014-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The type 2 immune response evoked by intestinal nematode parasites contributes to worm expulsion and tolerance to associated tissue damage. We investigated whether this host response is affected by blocking signaling by the putative endogenous danger signal adenosine, which can be released during inflammation and host...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Patel N,Wu W,Mishra PK,Chen F,Millman A,Csóka B,Koscsó B,Eltzschig HK,Haskó G,Gause WC

更新日期：2014-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent reports indicate that both the inflammasome (Wlodarska et al., 2014) and autophagy (Patel et al., 2013) pathways in goblet cells control mucin secretion, defects in which are linked to difficulties in clearing pathogenic bacteria and maintaining intestinal homeostasis and control colitis. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Johansson ME,Hansson GC

更新日期：2014-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have revealed remarkable species specificity of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR11 and TLR12 and the immunity-related GTPase (IRG) proteins that are essential elements for detection and immune control of Toxoplasma gondii in mice, but not in humans. The biological and evolutionary implications of thes...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Gazzinelli RT,Mendonça-Neto R,Lilue J,Howard J,Sher A

更新日期：2014-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The plant immune signaling network needs to be robust against attack from fast-evolving pathogens and tunable to optimize immune responses. We investigated the basis of robustness and tunability in the signaling network controlling pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in Arabidopsis. A dynamic network model containing fou...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Kim Y,Tsuda K,Igarashi D,Hillmer RA,Sakakibara H,Myers CL,Katagiri F

更新日期：2014-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Biotrophic plant pathogens encounter a postinfection basal resistance layer controlled by the lipase-like protein enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1) and its sequence-related interaction partners, senescence-associated gene 101 (SAG101) and phytoalexin deficient 4 (PAD4). Maintainance of separate EDS1 family memb...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Wagner S,Stuttmann J,Rietz S,Guerois R,Brunstein E,Bautor J,Niefind K,Parker JE

更新日期：2013-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Efforts to prevent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection would benefit from understanding the factors that govern virus neutralization by antibodies. We present a mechanistic model for HIV-1 neutralization that includes both virus and antibody parameters. Variations in epitope integrity on the viral en...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Haim H,Salas I,McGee K,Eichelberger N,Winter E,Pacheco B,Sodroski J

更新日期：2013-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T cell leukemia and HTLV-1-associated myelopathies. In addition to T cells, HTLV-1 infects cells of the myeloid lineage, which play critical roles in the host innate response to viral infection. Investigating the monocyte depletion observed du...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Sze A,Belgnaoui SM,Olagnier D,Lin R,Hiscott J,van Grevenynghe J

更新日期：2013-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA interference (RNAi) is an established antiviral defense mechanism in plants and invertebrates. Whether RNAi serves a similar function in mammalian cells remains unresolved. We find that in some cell types, mammalian RNAi activity is reduced shortly after viral infection via poly-ADP-ribosylation of the RNA-induced...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Seo GJ,Kincaid RP,Phanaksri T,Burke JM,Pare JM,Cox JE,Hsiang TY,Krug RM,Sullivan CS

更新日期：2013-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA interference (RNAi) has been extensively used to identify host factors affecting virus infection but requires exogenous delivery of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), thus limiting the technique to nonphysiological infection models and a single defined cell type. We report an alternative screening approach using siR...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Varble A,Benitez AA,Schmid S,Sachs D,Shim JV,Rodriguez-Barrueco R,Panis M,Crumiller M,Silva JM,Sachidanandam R,tenOever BR

更新日期：2013-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Enveloped viruses escape infected cells by budding through limiting membranes. In the decade since the discovery that HIV recruits cellular ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) machinery to facilitate viral budding, this pathway has emerged as the major escape route for enveloped viruses. In cell...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Votteler J,Sundquist WI

更新日期：2013-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Polymorphisms in the essential autophagy gene Atg16L1 have been linked with susceptibility to Crohn's disease, a major type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although the inability to control intestinal bacteria is thought to underlie IBD, the role of Atg16L1 during extracellular intestinal bacterial infections has...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Marchiando AM,Ramanan D,Ding Y,Gomez LE,Hubbard-Lucey VM,Maurer K,Wang C,Ziel JW,van Rooijen N,Nuñez G,Finlay BB,Mysorekar IU,Cadwell K

更新日期：2013-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies described by Eisele et al. (2013) and Xavier et al. (2013) in this issue of Cell Host & Microbe show that the bacterial pathogens Salmonella and Brucella exploit the increased levels of glucose present in alternatively activated macrophages to sustain chronic infections in experimentally infected mice. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Roop RM 2nd,Caswell CC

更新日期：2013-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:During phagocytosis, microorganisms are taken up by immune cells into phagosomes. Through membrane-trafficking events mediated by SNARE proteins, phagosomes fuse with lysosomes, generating degradative phagolysosomes. Phagolysosomes contribute to host immunity by linking microbial killing within these organelles with a...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Matheoud D,Moradin N,Bellemare-Pelletier A,Shio MT,Hong WJ,Olivier M,Gagnon E,Desjardins M,Descoteaux A

更新日期：2013-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Persistent viral infections are the result of a series of connected events that culminate in diminished immunity and the inability to eliminate infection. By building our understanding of how distinct components of the immune system function both individually and collectively in productive versus abortive responses, n...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Ng CT,Snell LM,Brooks DG,Oldstone MB

更新日期：2013-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Periodontitis is a common disease that is characterized by resorption of the alveolar bone and mediated by commensal bacteria that trigger host immune responses and bone destruction through unidentified mechanisms. We report that Nod1, an innate intracellular host receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan-related molecules...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Jiao Y,Darzi Y,Tawaratsumida K,Marchesan JT,Hasegawa M,Moon H,Chen GY,Núñez G,Giannobile WV,Raes J,Inohara N

更新日期：2013-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms through which commensal bacterial populations cause inflammatory disease when shifted to dysbiotic community structures are poorly understood. Jiao et al. (2013) demonstrate that, in the case of inflammatory disease in the mouth, stimulation of the intracellular pattern recognition receptor Nod1 is a cr...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Curtis M

更新日期：2013-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:After invading host cells, Toxoplasma gondii multiplies within a parasitophorous vacuole (PV) that is maintained by parasite proteins secreted from organelles called dense granules. Most dense granule proteins remain within the PV, and few are known to access the host cell cytosol. We identify GRA16 as a dense granule...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Bougdour A,Durandau E,Brenier-Pinchart MP,Ortet P,Barakat M,Kieffer S,Curt-Varesano A,Curt-Bertini RL,Bastien O,Coute Y,Pelloux H,Hakimi MA

更新日期：2013-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:In a recent Science paper, Teles et al. (2013) show that type I and II interferons (IFNs) are reciprocally expressed in the polar immune forms of leprosy, with type I IFNs inducing IL-10 that interferes with the antimycobacterial effects of type II IFNs (IFNγ) at the site of infection. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Desvignes LP,Ernst JD

更新日期：2013-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Thiol-group oxidation of active and allosteric cysteines is a widespread regulatory posttranslational protein modification. Pathogenic bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, use regulatory cysteine oxidation to respond to and overcome reactive oxygen species (ROS) encountered in the host...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Deng X,Weerapana E,Ulanovskaya O,Sun F,Liang H,Ji Q,Ye Y,Fu Y,Zhou L,Li J,Zhang H,Wang C,Alvarez S,Hicks LM,Lan L,Wu M,Cravatt BF,He C

更新日期：2013-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:It is currently unclear at which point during viral replication that RNA genomes are first recognized as nonself by the immune system. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Weber et al. show that incoming nucleocapsid-bound genomes are sufficient to bind and activate innate immune sensors. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Bowzard JB,Ranjan P,Sambhara S

更新日期：2013-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is linked to human malignancies. The majority of tumor cells harbor latent virus, and a small percentage undergo spontaneous lytic replication. Both latency and lytic replication are important for viral pathogenesis and spread, but the cellular players involved in the swi...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Dillon PJ,Gregory SM,Tamburro K,Sanders MK,Johnson GL,Raab-Traub N,Dittmer DP,Damania B

更新日期：2013-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The switch from culture-based enumeration to deep sequencing has enabled microbial community composition to be profiled en masse. In a new article, Maurice et al. (2013) report the use of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to perform a high-throughput analysis of gut microbiota community function. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Donia MS,Fischbach MA

更新日期：2013-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Metabolic coupling of intracellular pathogens with host cells is essential for successful colonization of the host. Establishment of intracellular infection by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi leads to the development of human Chagas' disease, yet the functional contributions of the host cell toward the infection proce...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Caradonna KL,Engel JC,Jacobi D,Lee CH,Burleigh BA

更新日期：2013-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus epidemic strain USA300 is a highly successful pathogen. However, the underlying basis of this success is not clear. Now, Thurlow and colleagues (2013) provide evidence linking the bacterial arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) to the dominance of USA300 as a pathogen of the skin. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Alonzo F 3rd,Torres VJ

更新日期：2013-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Variations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial outer membrane component, determine virulence of the obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We find that while avirulent C. burnetii LPS (avLPS) stimulates host p38α-MAPK signaling required for proper traffickin...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Barry AO,Boucherit N,Mottola G,Vadovic P,Trouplin V,Soubeyran P,Capo C,Bonatti S,Nebreda A,Toman R,Lemichez E,Mege JL,Ghigo E

更新日期：2012-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:For proliferation, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum needs to modify the infected host cell extensively. To achieve this, the parasite exports proteins containing a Plasmodium export element (PEXEL) into the host cell. Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate binding and cleavage of the PEXEL are thought to mediate p...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Grüring C,Heiber A,Kruse F,Flemming S,Franci G,Colombo SF,Fasana E,Schoeler H,Borgese N,Stunnenberg HG,Przyborski JM,Gilberger TW,Spielmann T

更新日期：2012-11-15 00:00:00